The substation is a critical component of the power transmission system, and the transformer is one of its core elements. During operation, the internal voltage of the transformer may fluctuate due to changes in load. When the voltage becomes high enough, it can cause ionization within the insulating materials, leading to partial discharge. If this partial discharge progresses to a severe stage, it can rapidly degrade solid insulation materials and transformer oil, potentially causing a complete breakdown of the insulation system and resulting in transformer failure.
Therefore, any signs of discharge in a running transformer should be taken seriously. During partial discharge, the transformer is often accompanied by high-frequency current pulses, electromagnetic radiation, and various physical phenomena such as sound, light, heat, and chemical reactions. One widely used method for detecting partial discharges is acoustic emission detection, which is a dynamic, non-destructive technique. It allows for real-time or continuous monitoring of transformers, offering several key advantages:
1. **High Real-Time Performance**: Acoustic emission technology has a fast response time, enabling it to capture and distinguish each transient partial discharge pulse accurately.
2. **Strong Tracking Capability**: The system can track partial discharges over long periods—weeks, months, or even years. This helps identify when and how often discharges occur, along with their intensity.
3. **Automatic PD Signal Identification**: In-situ monitoring often involves a lot of noise, especially under varying weather and seasonal conditions. Acoustic emission systems are designed to automatically detect and differentiate true discharge signals from background noise.
4. **Three-Dimensional Positioning**: Unlike other technologies, acoustic emission can precisely locate the source of partial discharge in three dimensions. This makes it easier for engineers to identify the root cause and assess the potential damage, leading to more effective solutions.
5. **Non-Intrusive Operation**: Unlike some other monitoring methods that require the transformer to be offline or involve complex installation procedures, acoustic emission can be installed, tested, and operated while the transformer is still in live operation, without disrupting normal functioning.
Due to these advantages, acoustic emission technology enables all-weather, online monitoring of partial discharges. Users can access real-time monitoring data at any time, ensuring early detection and timely maintenance, which ultimately improves the reliability and safety of the power system.
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