The substation is a critical component of the power transmission system, with the transformer being one of its core elements. During operation, the internal voltage of the transformer can fluctuate due to changes in load. When the voltage becomes high enough, it may cause ionization within the insulating materials, leading to discharge phenomena. If partial discharges progress to a severe stage, they can rapidly decompose solid insulation materials and transformer oil, potentially causing a complete breakdown of the insulation system and resulting in transformer failure.
Therefore, any signs of discharge in a running transformer should be taken seriously. Partial discharges are often accompanied by various physical and chemical effects, such as high-frequency current pulses, electromagnetic radiation, sound, light, and heat. One commonly used method for detecting these discharges is acoustic emission detection, which is a dynamic, non-destructive technique. It allows for real-time or continuous monitoring of transformers, offering several key advantages:
1. **High Real-Time Performance**: Acoustic emission systems respond quickly, enabling the capture and differentiation of each transient partial discharge pulse.
2. **Strong Tracking Capability**: These systems can monitor partial discharges over long periods—sometimes months or even years—providing precise timing down to milliseconds and tracking the intensity and occurrence of PD signals throughout the day.
3. **Automatic Signal Identification**: In-situ monitoring often involves a lot of background noise, especially under varying weather and seasonal conditions. Acoustic emission technology can automatically identify PD signals amidst this noise.
4. **Three-Dimensional Positioning**: Unlike other methods, acoustic emission monitoring can accurately locate the source of partial discharges in three dimensions. This helps users identify the origin and assess the potential damage, making fault analysis more efficient and accurate.
5. **Non-Intrusive Operation**: Unlike some other monitoring techniques that require the transformer to be offline or involve installation during maintenance, acoustic emission systems can be installed, tested, and operated while the transformer is live and operational.
Due to these advantages, acoustic emission technology enables all-weather, online monitoring of partial discharges. Users can access real-time data and check the condition of each transformer at any time, ensuring early detection and timely action to prevent failures.
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**Related Reading:** Sensor, Transformer, Insulation Material, Transmission System, Detection Sensor
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