**What is WebGIS?**
WebGIS, or Web-based Geographic Information System, is a type of interactive, web-enabled information system that allows users to access, visualize, and analyze geographic data through the internet. It uses hypermedia technology to connect different map pages via clickable links, enabling users to navigate from a national map to a specific provincial map with just a click.
Additionally, the World Wide Web provides WebGIS with the capability to integrate various forms of media, such as videos, audio, maps, and text, all on a single webpage. This integration greatly enhances the richness and interactivity of GIS applications, making them more engaging and informative for users.
**What is GIS?**
The Geographic Information System (GIS) is often referred to as the "Earth Information System." It is a powerful spatial information system used for collecting, storing, managing, analyzing, and displaying geographically distributed data. GIS operates under computer hardware and software systems, and it supports the analysis of data across the Earth's surface, including the atmosphere.
Location and geographic information are central to Location-Based Services (LBS). A simple latitude and longitude coordinate becomes meaningful when it is associated with real-world locations, landmarks, and directions. Once users obtain location data, they can explore their surroundings, query environmental information, and make informed decisions based on spatial analysis.
GIS is an interdisciplinary field that combines geography, cartography, remote sensing, and computer science. It is widely used in various sectors for inputting, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geographic data. As the field has evolved, GIS has also been called "Geographic Information Science" and "Geographic Information Service." At its core, GIS is a computer-based tool that helps users understand and analyze spatial patterns and events on the Earth's surface. It merges the visual power of maps with traditional database operations like queries and statistical analysis.
**What is the difference between WebGIS and GIS?**
GIS is the general term for a Geographic Information System. WebGIS, on the other hand, is a subset of GIS that is implemented using a browser-based (B/S) architecture. It provides a web interface for users to access and interact with geographic data.
While traditional GIS systems often require specialized software and desktop environments, WebGIS runs through standard web browsers, making it more accessible and user-friendly. Most WebGIS applications focus on data browsing and querying, as implementing advanced editing features can be technically challenging in a web environment.
Although there is no fundamental difference between WebGIS and GIS, WebGIS relies heavily on HTTP protocols, such as MapService, WMS, and WFS, for communication. While some GIS systems may use TCP/IP or socket-based communication, these are less common in modern WebGIS implementations.
**Basic Requirements for WebGIS**
WebGIS should be open and interoperable, allowing it to integrate data from multiple sources, different scales, and various geographic locations. It should support compatibility with other software applications and run across platforms using technologies like Java, CORBA, and DCOM.
It must operate within an internet environment, utilizing standard internet protocols to link GIS with web servers. This enables users to access and manipulate WebGIS through any browser, turning it into a public service that can be shared globally.
WebGIS must also support distributed data and computational resources. WebGIS servers provide services such as data access, directory services, analysis tools, and map display. Through interoperability, distributed data objects can work together across different platforms, optimizing network resource usage.
Finally, WebGIS should allow direct access to geographic data over the internet, following standardized geospatial data structures and operational guidelines. This ensures seamless data retrieval and interaction for users worldwide.
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