Analog signals refer to continuous values that can take any value within a specific range. Unlike digital signals, which are discrete and only have specific values, analog signals vary smoothly over time. For example, a temperature sensor might output a voltage that changes gradually from 0V to 5V as the temperature increases. This continuous variation is what makes it "analog."
On the other hand, digital signals represent data in a binary format—either high (1) or low (0). These signals are not continuous but instead switch between two defined states. A simple example is a light switch at home, which can either be on or off. In electronics, digital signals can also be sequences of high and low levels, such as "1101," where each bit represents a distinct state.
When dealing with analog signals, if you try to read them through a regular digital I/O pin, you won't get accurate information. Instead, you'll only see a binary result—either 1 or 0. To capture the actual analog value, an Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter is needed. This device translates the continuous analog signal into a digital representation that can be processed by a microcontroller or computer.
The accuracy of an A/D converter depends on its resolution. For instance, an 8-bit ADC divides the full voltage range into 256 equal parts. If the input range is 0–5V, each step corresponds to approximately 0.0195V (5V / 256). So, a reading of 0 would mean 0V, while 255 would correspond to nearly 5V. This level of precision is essential for applications like sensor readings or audio processing.
One common type of ADC is the Successive Approximation ADC (SAR ADC). It works by using a "successive approximation register" to iteratively guess the closest digital value to the analog input. For an 8-bit system, the process starts with the most significant bit (MSB), setting it to 1 and comparing the resulting voltage with the input. Based on whether the result is higher or lower, the SAR adjusts the bits accordingly until the closest match is found.
This method is efficient and widely used in microcontrollers and embedded systems. It allows for fast conversion times while maintaining reasonable accuracy for many applications. Understanding how these ADCs work helps in choosing the right components for projects involving sensors, control systems, or signal processing.
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S/N
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Project
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General Parameter
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1
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Number of series
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15S
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2
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Rated voltage
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48V
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3
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End of discharge voltage
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40V
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4
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Charging voltage
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Recommend 51V (50.5V – 51.5V) for floating charge
Recommend 54V (53.5V – 54.5V) for equation charge |
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5
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Continuous charge and discharge curren
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≤100A
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6
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Internal resistance (battery pack)
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≤100mΩ
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7
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Self-discharge rate
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≤2%/month
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8
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range of working temperature
(≤95%R.H.) |
0~65℃ charge
-20~65℃ discharge |
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9
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Storage temperature range(≤95%R.H.)
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-40~70℃
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10
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Positive and negative lead way
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Fence Terminal 2P*2
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11
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Display screen
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LED display, four physical buttons
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12
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Protective function
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Overcharge, over discharge, short circuit, overload, over temperature, etc.
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13
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certificate
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MSDS,ISO9001,CE,UN38.3,ROSH
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LIFEPO4 Battery For Home Energy Storage
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