The article discusses the challenges of detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in drinking water, such as halogenated hydrocarbons and benzene, which can negatively impact the central nervous system. These compounds are monitored under drinking water hygiene standards, but their low concentrations (typically in the μg/L range) require complex techniques like liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase micro-extraction, which are time-consuming and limited in scope.
To address these issues, the author developed a headspace-capillary gas chromatography method for the simultaneous detection of 12 common VOCs in drinking water. This method uses a hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID) and offers excellent separation and high sensitivity. Compared to traditional methods, it is simpler, more efficient, and avoids the use of organic solvents, thus reducing environmental and water contamination risks. The technique meets all requirements set by water quality sanitation standards and is suitable for analyzing trace levels of multiple VOCs at once.
The study details the instrumentation used, including a Shimadzu GC-2010 gas chromatograph, a TELEDYNE TEKMAR HT3TM headspace autosampler, and analytical balances. Reagents such as methanol, sodium chloride, and standard solutions of various VOCs were prepared and used for calibration. The method involved optimizing chromatographic conditions, including column type, temperature programs, carrier gas flow rates, and injection parameters. Headspace conditions, such as equilibrium temperature, time, and sodium chloride concentration, were also optimized to enhance detection accuracy and sensitivity.
A standard curve was created using a series of diluted standard solutions, and the method was validated through sample analysis and recovery tests. The results showed good linearity, wide linear range, and acceptable recovery rates (89.12%–110.13%) with low relative standard deviation (RSD). The method proved reliable for detecting VOCs in both tap and groundwater samples, demonstrating its practical application in water quality monitoring.
Overall, this approach provides an efficient, accurate, and environmentally friendly alternative for the simultaneous determination of multiple volatile organic compounds in drinking water, making it a valuable tool for water safety assessments.
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