Dr. Bruno Michael, an IBM researcher, pointed out that about 2% of the world's energy consumption comes from the operation of buildings and computer equipment. In the future, the cost of computers will be mainly spent on energy saving and environmental protection instead of increasing the speed.
Michael said that 50 years ago, the cost of computers was mainly determined by the cost of hardware. Now, the cost of transistors has dropped significantly. The cost of building a next-generation supercomputer is not a problem. The cost of running this machine is of concern to engineers. . The high cost of energy is mainly due to heat dissipation, because the computer generates a large number of by-products - heat.
To this end, Michael and his research team built a model, Aquasar, to demonstrate a new type of water-cooling technology. The height of the Aquasar system is as high as 4 processors, and it occupies more space than a refrigerator. The Aquasar system can stack multiple layers of processors together and use a water-cooled pipe between them to cool the processor. The thickness of the water-cooled pipe is less than the thickness of a hairline.
Because the distance between processors is reduced and the calculation process is accelerated, the chips are tightly clustered together, which can solve the problems of speed, size, and running cost at the same time. However, Michael said that the technology is still faced with many problems. The main technical challenge is to assemble different chips together. These chips must have the function of wires and must be waterproof.
IBM estimates that the Aquasar system can save more than 50% energy compared to the world’s leading supercomputers. According to the researchers, the Aquasar system can perform 1.1 billion calculations per watt of electricity, and the world’s number one supercomputer can only perform 770 million operations per watt. The next task It is to reduce the size of the Aquasar system. Researchers intend to reduce the system to a cube of sugar in the next 10 to 15 years, which means that in the future, humans may have a sugar-sized supercomputer.
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