In a significant development, China recently conducted its first drone and commercial aircraft collision test, aimed at evaluating the safety risks associated with such incidents. The test is designed to provide essential technical guidance and support for the formulation of drone operation regulations, as well as to inform the design and manufacturing processes of both drones and aircraft.
The growing popularity of drones has led to an increase in unauthorized flights that interfere with civil aviation. Between 2010 and 2016, nearly 1,000 drone-related incidents were reported in Europe, while over 650 occurred in the U.S. between 2014 and 2016. Similar issues have been rising in China as well. While legislation is being developed, there remains a lack of comprehensive testing data and theoretical analysis to support the evaluation of drone-aircraft collision damage.
To address this, several key organizations, including the China Civil Aviation Shanghai Aircraft Certification Center, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and DJI Innovations, formed a research team to conduct detailed collision tests. These tests involved a domestically produced aircraft nose structure and a real drone from DJI, one of China's leading manufacturers. The collision speed was set at 500 meters per second, which is within the typical operational range of most consumer drones.
On November 30, the team conducted a test at the Yubei test site, where a medium-sized multirotor drone collided with a simulated aircraft windshield at typical speeds. The impact occurred on the middle and corner sections of the windshield. Post-test analysis revealed that the outer glass cracked, but the inner layer remained intact, meeting the required standards for bird strike resistance.
The results were compared with simulation data, confirming the accuracy of the test method and the validity of the simulation outcomes. This successful test marks an important step toward understanding and mitigating the risks posed by drone-aircraft collisions.
Going forward, the research team plans to carry out additional tests to thoroughly assess potential collision risks. These efforts will help drone manufacturers improve their designs and assist regulatory bodies in developing more effective operational guidelines.
Several notable "black fly" incidents have occurred in China in recent years. In 2013, unauthorized drones near Beijing caused multiple flight diversions and delays, prompting military intervention. In 2014, drone activity near Guangzhou Baiyun Airport led to emergency landings and flight suspensions. Similar incidents occurred in Luzhou, Xiaoshan, Kunming, Chengdu, Nanjing, Zhuhai, and Chongqing, causing widespread disruptions and significant economic impacts.
These events highlight the urgent need for improved drone regulation and safety measures. The ongoing research into drone-aircraft collisions is a critical step toward ensuring the safe coexistence of drones and commercial aviation.
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