In a recent development, China conducted its first controlled test involving a collision between a drone and a commercial passenger aircraft. The primary objective of the experiment was to assess the safety risks associated with such collisions and to provide critical technical insights for the regulation, design, and manufacturing of drones. This initiative aims to support the development of comprehensive guidelines for drone operations and ensure the safety of civil aviation.
The test involved a domestically produced aircraft nose structure, likely resembling the ARJ21 regional jet, and a real drone supplied by DJI, one of China's leading manufacturers of rotary-wing drones. The collision speed was set at 500 meters per second, which is within the typical operational limits of current consumer drones. The test took place at the Yubei testing site under the supervision of several key organizations, including the China Civil Aviation Shanghai Aircraft Certification Center, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and other industry leaders.
During the test, the drone collided with a specific section of the aircraft’s windshield. Post-collision analysis revealed that the outer layer of the windshield shattered, but the inner glass remained intact, meeting the required safety standards for bird strike resistance. This outcome confirms the effectiveness of the current windshield design in withstanding drone impacts at typical flight speeds.
Furthermore, the test results were cross-validated with simulation data, ensuring the accuracy of the methodology and the reliability of the findings. This successful trial marks an important step forward in understanding and mitigating the risks posed by drones to commercial aviation.
In recent years, incidents of unauthorized drone flights interfering with commercial air traffic have become increasingly common in China. Several notable cases have raised concerns about the growing threat posed by unregulated drone activity. For example, in December 2013, a series of drone flights over Beijing caused multiple aircraft to divert and delay their flights, prompting the Air Force to intervene and shoot down the drones. In 2017, several airports, including Chengdu Shuangliu and Kunming Changshui, experienced serious disruptions due to drone interference, with some drones coming as close as 50–70 meters from incoming aircraft.
These incidents highlight the urgent need for stronger regulations and improved safety measures. The ongoing research and testing efforts are crucial in developing effective strategies to protect both drones and commercial aircraft. By gathering real-world data and refining simulation models, the industry can better prepare for potential threats and create safer skies for all users.
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