The characteristics of wind power development in China are characterized by "large-scale, high-concentration, long-distance". Large wind power bases have low load levels, small scale power systems, and very limited capacity to absorb wind power on the spot. They cannot meet the requirements for wind power development. Some regions have severe restrictions on wind power output, and grid power consumption and transmission capacity and power generation. Unable to balance, the situation of "discarding wind" is serious. Wind power development should be based on flexible and efficient access, scheduling, transportation and acceptance of large-scale wind power requirements, combined with the reform and innovation of power system operation management and power system mechanisms, in accordance with the overall requirements for energy transformation and the coordinated development of wind power and power systems, vigorously Development and application of "grid-friendly" wind power technology, wind farm power forecasting technology, optimized dispatching technology, long-distance transmission technology and large-capacity energy storage technology.
Wind turbine and wind farm
By 2020, development and application of "grid-friendly" wind power generation technology, through the implementation of wind turbine technology standards, grid detection and type certification and other measures, so that the wind turbine / wind farm generally have a better ability to adapt to the grid, including (based Power forecasting) Active power rate change control, reactive power regulation, low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability, frequency adjustment and anti-jamming capability, etc., configured with a reasonable secondary system and related control system, so that the wind farm can be measured and can be With the ability to control and adjust, the coordinated development of wind power and power grids and other conventional power sources can be realized. Before 2030, strengthen the development and demonstration of advanced energy storage devices and auxiliary equipment. After 2030, extensive development and application of large-scale advanced energy storage technologies and distributed wind power systems will be realized. Wind turbines will directly supply power to end-users through distributed systems, or use hybrid power supply systems with other types of generators.
Wind power forecasting technology is an integral part of the power system. Research and deployment of wind power forecasting technology to improve the accuracy of ultra-short-term and short-term wind power forecasting, and provide more accurate services for the economic dispatch operation of the power system to promote the maximum acceptance of wind power.
Before 2015 and 2020, the focus of R&D and application is to make full use of a variety of mature statistical forecasting technologies, focusing on the development and application of R&D on-shore wind farms for ultra-short-term forecasting (within 4h) and short-term forecasting (within 48h) systems. Organize grid dispatching agencies, meteorological departments, and wind farms to jointly establish a centralized and decentralized wind power forecasting business system and strive to provide effective support for wind power dispatching after 2015. From 2020 to 2030, we will continue to improve wind power forecasting accuracy, develop and apply mid- and long-term wind power forecasting techniques at monthly, seasonal, and annual scales, improve marine wind forecasting and forecasting service systems, and establish mid-to-long term wind power that meets various types and time periods. Forecast business system. By 2030, wind power forecasting technology will be widely applied, making wind power forecasting an important support for intelligent dispatching systems.
Wind power access and long distance transmission
The large-scale centralized development of wind power and long-distance transmission, especially the transmission methods of offshore wind farms, in addition to adopting traditional AC transmission methods and continuing to improve power grid facilities and operating technologies, gradually adopt more flexible DC, HVDC, superconducting, and Low-frequency transmission and other new transmission methods.
By 2020, we will accelerate the popularization of advanced technologies such as dynamic reactive power compensation, series compensation/control-series compensation, controlled high-resistance, and automatic voltage control (AVC) to increase the capacity of wind power transmission and improve safety and stability. For offshore wind farms, the AC transmission and grid connection method suitable for small-capacity, close-range offshore wind farms can be adopted in the near future. With the gradual construction of large-scale offshore wind farms with a rated capacity of several hundred thousand kilowatts and a long distance from the shore, we will accelerate the development and application of flexible HVDC transmission technology. After 2020, it will effectively solve the constraints of the existing UHV power transmission projects and bring into full play the maximum efficiency and economic advantages, so that UHV power transmission will gradually become a powerful guarantee for large-scale development of wind power. After 2030, it will strive to realize the application of superconducting force technology in the field of wind power access and transmission.
Power dispatching technology
The power grid dispatching control technology is an important part of the power system construction and plays an important role in improving the optimal allocation of resources. The large-scale development of volatility renewable energy such as wind power imposes higher requirements on the development of intelligent dispatching technology. The operation statistics and analysis work of wind farms for wind farms should be strengthened to accurately grasp the characteristics of wind power operation, actively carry out research on wind power dispatching technologies and strategies, and continuously improve the precision of wind power dispatching. Combining the development and application of smart grid technology, the future grid dispatching control technology will develop in the direction of integrated distributed coordination control, intelligent analysis control, and economic optimization control.
Before 2020, a data collection and dispatching control system for interconnection and interworking of wind turbines and wind farms is basically established, and a wind farm centralized forecasting, control, and dispatch center will be established to realize the automation of priority and efficient dispatching of wind power. By 2030, as the smart grid construction begins to take shape and achieve key technologies for integrated and coordinated control, the control coverage and links will be extended to complete power systems, intelligentizing wind power dispatch, and significantly increasing large-scale volatility power and overall power. The system's operational control capability enables flexible and efficient access, delivery and consumption of new energy sources such as wind power.
Large-capacity energy storage technology
The introduction of large-capacity energy storage devices into the power system can not only effectively reduce the impact and impact of wind power on the system, improve the consistency of wind power output and forecast, and ensure the credibility of power supply, but also reduce the reserve capacity requirements of the power system. Improving the economics of power system operation and improving the power system's ability to accept wind power.
Should pay attention to and play a variety of functions of the energy storage system, scientifically select, plan, use the energy storage system, and introduce energy storage systems on both the load side and the power side. Among the energy storage technologies, pumped storage is the most widely used, and chemical battery energy storage technology has the fastest development. Priority should be given to the development of flow batteries and lithium battery technology.
Before 2020, large-scale energy storage relied mainly on pumped storage; after 2020, breakthroughs in the realization of large-scale integrated technology bottleneck for battery storage and cost reductions began to be applied on a large scale, with liquid-flow, lithium-ion, and sodium-sulfur batteries having Scale application prospects. It is estimated that by 2020, the capacity of large-capacity chemical energy storage devices represented by lithium-ion batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, and flow batteries will reach tens of megawatts or even hundreds of megawatts, and the conversion efficiency will reach 90%. Frequency, frequency, emergency and distributed load management are widely used. In 2030, chemical energy storage and compressed air energy storage systems are equivalent to pumped storage units in terms of economic efficiency, and they are used together to achieve large-scale applications.
Wind turbine and wind farm
By 2020, development and application of "grid-friendly" wind power generation technology, through the implementation of wind turbine technology standards, grid detection and type certification and other measures, so that the wind turbine / wind farm generally have a better ability to adapt to the grid, including (based Power forecasting) Active power rate change control, reactive power regulation, low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability, frequency adjustment and anti-jamming capability, etc., configured with a reasonable secondary system and related control system, so that the wind farm can be measured and can be With the ability to control and adjust, the coordinated development of wind power and power grids and other conventional power sources can be realized. Before 2030, strengthen the development and demonstration of advanced energy storage devices and auxiliary equipment. After 2030, extensive development and application of large-scale advanced energy storage technologies and distributed wind power systems will be realized. Wind turbines will directly supply power to end-users through distributed systems, or use hybrid power supply systems with other types of generators.
Wind power forecasting technology is an integral part of the power system. Research and deployment of wind power forecasting technology to improve the accuracy of ultra-short-term and short-term wind power forecasting, and provide more accurate services for the economic dispatch operation of the power system to promote the maximum acceptance of wind power.
Before 2015 and 2020, the focus of R&D and application is to make full use of a variety of mature statistical forecasting technologies, focusing on the development and application of R&D on-shore wind farms for ultra-short-term forecasting (within 4h) and short-term forecasting (within 48h) systems. Organize grid dispatching agencies, meteorological departments, and wind farms to jointly establish a centralized and decentralized wind power forecasting business system and strive to provide effective support for wind power dispatching after 2015. From 2020 to 2030, we will continue to improve wind power forecasting accuracy, develop and apply mid- and long-term wind power forecasting techniques at monthly, seasonal, and annual scales, improve marine wind forecasting and forecasting service systems, and establish mid-to-long term wind power that meets various types and time periods. Forecast business system. By 2030, wind power forecasting technology will be widely applied, making wind power forecasting an important support for intelligent dispatching systems.
Wind power access and long distance transmission
The large-scale centralized development of wind power and long-distance transmission, especially the transmission methods of offshore wind farms, in addition to adopting traditional AC transmission methods and continuing to improve power grid facilities and operating technologies, gradually adopt more flexible DC, HVDC, superconducting, and Low-frequency transmission and other new transmission methods.
By 2020, we will accelerate the popularization of advanced technologies such as dynamic reactive power compensation, series compensation/control-series compensation, controlled high-resistance, and automatic voltage control (AVC) to increase the capacity of wind power transmission and improve safety and stability. For offshore wind farms, the AC transmission and grid connection method suitable for small-capacity, close-range offshore wind farms can be adopted in the near future. With the gradual construction of large-scale offshore wind farms with a rated capacity of several hundred thousand kilowatts and a long distance from the shore, we will accelerate the development and application of flexible HVDC transmission technology. After 2020, it will effectively solve the constraints of the existing UHV power transmission projects and bring into full play the maximum efficiency and economic advantages, so that UHV power transmission will gradually become a powerful guarantee for large-scale development of wind power. After 2030, it will strive to realize the application of superconducting force technology in the field of wind power access and transmission.
Power dispatching technology
The power grid dispatching control technology is an important part of the power system construction and plays an important role in improving the optimal allocation of resources. The large-scale development of volatility renewable energy such as wind power imposes higher requirements on the development of intelligent dispatching technology. The operation statistics and analysis work of wind farms for wind farms should be strengthened to accurately grasp the characteristics of wind power operation, actively carry out research on wind power dispatching technologies and strategies, and continuously improve the precision of wind power dispatching. Combining the development and application of smart grid technology, the future grid dispatching control technology will develop in the direction of integrated distributed coordination control, intelligent analysis control, and economic optimization control.
Before 2020, a data collection and dispatching control system for interconnection and interworking of wind turbines and wind farms is basically established, and a wind farm centralized forecasting, control, and dispatch center will be established to realize the automation of priority and efficient dispatching of wind power. By 2030, as the smart grid construction begins to take shape and achieve key technologies for integrated and coordinated control, the control coverage and links will be extended to complete power systems, intelligentizing wind power dispatch, and significantly increasing large-scale volatility power and overall power. The system's operational control capability enables flexible and efficient access, delivery and consumption of new energy sources such as wind power.
Large-capacity energy storage technology
The introduction of large-capacity energy storage devices into the power system can not only effectively reduce the impact and impact of wind power on the system, improve the consistency of wind power output and forecast, and ensure the credibility of power supply, but also reduce the reserve capacity requirements of the power system. Improving the economics of power system operation and improving the power system's ability to accept wind power.
Should pay attention to and play a variety of functions of the energy storage system, scientifically select, plan, use the energy storage system, and introduce energy storage systems on both the load side and the power side. Among the energy storage technologies, pumped storage is the most widely used, and chemical battery energy storage technology has the fastest development. Priority should be given to the development of flow batteries and lithium battery technology.
Before 2020, large-scale energy storage relied mainly on pumped storage; after 2020, breakthroughs in the realization of large-scale integrated technology bottleneck for battery storage and cost reductions began to be applied on a large scale, with liquid-flow, lithium-ion, and sodium-sulfur batteries having Scale application prospects. It is estimated that by 2020, the capacity of large-capacity chemical energy storage devices represented by lithium-ion batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, and flow batteries will reach tens of megawatts or even hundreds of megawatts, and the conversion efficiency will reach 90%. Frequency, frequency, emergency and distributed load management are widely used. In 2030, chemical energy storage and compressed air energy storage systems are equivalent to pumped storage units in terms of economic efficiency, and they are used together to achieve large-scale applications.
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