There are some key applications that have led to explosive growth in LEDs used as thin-film transistor (TFT) liquid crystal display (LCD) backlights, including high-definition (HD) televisions, portable tablets, automotive infotainment displays, and a host of handheld communications. equipment. However, in order to maintain this phenomenal growth rate, LEDs must provide higher reliability, lower power consumption, and a more compact form factor, while achieving higher contrast and color accuracy. In addition, in automotive, avionics and marine displays, LEDs must be adapted to a variety of ambient lighting conditions, from daylight to night without moon, while all of these parameters must be improved.
These TFT-LCD applications include infotainment systems, meters, and a variety of meter displays. Of course, backlighting these displays with LEDs creates some unique LED driver IC design challenges because of the readability of the display under a variety of lighting conditions. LED drivers need to provide a very wide dimming range and high efficiency conversion, while also adapting to the harsh automotive electrical and physical environment. Needless to say, the height of these solutions must be very flat, the footprint is very compact, and the overall price/performance ratio is also increased.
What are the factors driving LEDs to grow in automotive displays?
In order to support the amazing growth in automotive lighting applications, LEDs must have an advantage over incandescent lamps. The advantages of LEDs include: LEDs are 10 times more luminous than incandescent lamps and almost twice as many as fluorescent lamps, including cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs), thus reducing the amount of light required to provide a given amount of light (unit: lumens per watt) Electric power. As LEDs continue to evolve, their efficiency or ability to produce light output from power supplies will only continue to increase. In addition, we are now very concerned about environmental protection, and LED lighting does not require handling, contact and disposal of toxic mercury vapors commonly found in CCFL lamps. Finally, incandescent lamps usually need to be replaced after about 1,000 hours of operation, while fluorescent lamps can run for up to 10,000 hours. However, compared to the life of more than 100,000 hours provided by LED lighting, these figures are dwarfed.
In most applications, this long operating life allows LEDs to be permanently embedded in the final application. This is especially important for backlighting displays for automotive instrumentation and infotainment systems, as these displays are often embedded in automotive dashboards that do not need to be replaced during the life of the car. In addition, LEDs are smaller and more compact than other types of lamps, so LCD display panels can be made extremely thin, taking up minimal space inside the car. Also, by using red, green and blue LED configurations, you can offer an unlimited variety of colors. Not only that, the LED dimming and on/off speeds can be much faster than the human eye can perceive, significantly improving the backlighting of LCD displays while achieving extremely high contrast and display. High resolution.
Barriers to LED adoption in automotive applications
However, one of the biggest obstacles facing automotive lighting system designers is how to optimize all the features and benefits offered by the latest generation of LEDs. Since LEDs typically require an accurate and efficient current source and a dimming method, the LED driver IC must be designed to meet these needs under a variety of operating conditions. In addition, power solutions must be very efficient, must be rugged and reliable, and be extremely compact and cost effective. It can be said that one of the most demanding applications for driving LEDs is the backlighting of automotive infotainment and instrumentation TFT-LCDs, because this backlighting application is in a harsh automotive electrical environment and must compensate for a variety of ambient lighting. The conditions change and must be adapted to situations where the available space is very limited. At the same time, such applications must have an attractive cost structure.
Many newer car designs use a single lighting panel to backlight all meter displays for driver control. LED backlighting for dashboards is also often used in infotainment systems, resulting in an easy-to-read, integrated control panel. Similarly, many cars, trains, and airplanes provide LCD displays that provide entertainment for movies, video games, and more. In the past, these displays have been using CCFL backlighting, but it is now more common to replace these designs with relatively large illuminators with very flat white LED arrays to provide more accurate and adjustable backlighting and extended use. life.
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